What are common methods for conducting a risk assessment in IACS?

The correct answer reflects the two primary approaches used in risk assessments for Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are important because they provide complementary perspectives on risk evaluation.

Qualitative analysis involves subjective assessments of risks, often through expert judgment, interviews, and workshops. This method is useful when dealing with uncertain or ambiguous scenarios, as it allows stakeholders to share knowledge and identify potential vulnerabilities based on past experiences and insights.

Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, employs numerical data and statistical methods to assess risks. This approach includes calculations of likelihood and potential consequences, allowing for a more measurable and objective understanding of risks. It is particularly useful in quantifying economic impacts and prioritizing risks based on numerical scores.

Using both methods together allows organizations to develop a comprehensive understanding of their risk landscape, leading to more informed decision-making regarding cybersecurity measures and resource allocation. This combination leverages the strengths of both approaches, offering a balanced view that enhances overall risk management strategies.

The other options are limited in scope; solely performing qualitative analysis would overlook the benefits of numerical data and objective measures. Random sampling of assets could miss critical components of the system, leading to incomplete risk analysis. Relying only on expert opinions may result in bias and may not