What type of analysis aims to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats?

The correct choice is focused on identifying potential vulnerabilities and threats within a system. A vulnerability assessment specifically aims to systematically evaluate an organization's security posture by identifying weaknesses in various system components that could be exploited by an attacker. This process typically involves scanning and identifying vulnerabilities such as outdated software, misconfigurations, and insufficient security protocols.

While impact analysis, risk analysis, and threat modeling each play important roles in the overall security management process, they do not specifically target the identification of vulnerabilities. Impact analysis is concerned with understanding the consequences of security incidents, risk analysis evaluates the likelihood and potential impact of risks, and threat modeling focuses on understanding potential adversaries and the means they may employ to exploit vulnerabilities. Therefore, the vulnerability assessment is uniquely positioned to directly identify the weaknesses that could lead to security breaches, making it the correct answer.