Which type of assessment uses tools to discover devices and vulnerabilities of the IACS?

The type of assessment that utilizes tools to discover devices and vulnerabilities within the Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) is Active Assessment. This approach generally involves the active probing of devices on a network to identify their configurations, vulnerabilities, and potential security gaps. It can include network scanning, vulnerability scanning, and other methodologies that interact with the systems to gather in-depth information about their security postures.

Active Assessments are particularly beneficial as they allow for a hands-on examination of the system’s defenses, uncovering real-time data about the vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an attacker. This method contrasts with others, such as Passive Assessment, where monitoring occurs without actively engaging or probing the devices; this could result in a less comprehensive overview of the vulnerabilities present. Active Assessment provides a more proactive stance in identifying security risks, which is crucial in addressing the dynamic threats faced by IACS.